Heebeet e



(No Model.)

H. E, FOWLER.

BRUSH.

No. 369,985. Patented Sept. 13, 1887.

STATES N NE a rrren.

ATENT HERBERT E. FOWVLER, OF NEYV HAVEN, GONNEGTIOUL ASSIGNOR OF ONEHALF TO LEVI N. BLYDENBURGH, OF SAME PLACE.

BRUSH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 369,985, datedSeptember 13, 1887.

Application filed September 6, 1886. Serial No. 212,794. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HERBERT E. FOWLER, of New Haven, in the county ofNew Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement inBrushes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connectionwith accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon,to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which saiddrawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in-

Figure 1, a side view of a fiat brush embodying the invention. Figs. 2and 3 illustrate the methods of arranging the bristles preparatory totwisting; Fig. 4, the strands and bristles after twisting; Fig. 5, asection through the strands,showing the bristles turned to one side;Fig. 6, a head end view showing the several layers of strands andbristles in the form of a round coil; Fig. 7, a vertical section showingthe bristles secured in the head of a brush; Fig. 8, a head end viewshowing the layers coiled as for a flat brush; Fig. 9, the head end of around brush, showing the several layers 2 concentric; Fig. 10, the headend of a flat brush,showing the strands as laid parallel withoutcoiling; Fig. 11, a perspective View of a hand-brush, showing transversesection of the same; Fig. 12, bristles with the head applied 3o a'sadapted to be set into a socket; Fig. 13, a socket and handle adapted tosecure the bristles of Fig. 12.

This invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of thatclass of brushes in which the bristles are secured by the root end,leaving the outer or free ends as the working part of the brushsuch aspaint brushes, whitewash brushes, dust -brushes, &c.the object of theinvention being toemploy the method of securing the bristles describedin application, Serial No. 208,376,which I have made for Letters Patent.In that application the bristles or fibers are arranged midway of theirlength between two wires or strands, which wires and strands beingtwisted secure the bristles together at such midway of their length, andthen the fibers are turned to one side of the twisted strands, and thetwisted strands set in a grooved back, the sides of the groovesupporting the outer fibers, so that they spread and form a brush moreor less fiat; or, if the groove be a close groove then the lines ofbristles or fibers will be narrow and several applied in a single brushto resemble an ordinary tuft-brush. The brushes thus made are trimmed soas to present stiff bristles,

as in ordinary tuft-brushes; but in paintbrushes and brushes of likecharacter it is necessary that the bristles shall be secured by the rootend, so as to leave the point end of 6:) the bristles free, and thebristles must be of a considerable length. To accomplish this objectandfproduce brushes of this character, I arrange the bristles, as seenin Figs. 2 and 3, between strands a 1), similar to the method describedin my previous application; but instead of laying the bristles upon thestrands midway of their length the strands stand near the root end, asshown, then the strands a Z) are twisted to secure the bristles. Thiswill 0 throw the bristles in all directions, as seen in Fig. 4;, and asin the usual method of making twistedwire brushes.

To make a round paint-brush, the bristles are separated on one side ofthe strands or wires and brought around together upon the opposite side,as seen in Fig. 5. After the bristles have thus been turned to one sidethe strands are coiled, as seen in Fig. 6, laying the bristles in asuccession of circular layers nn- 8o til the requisite diameter isattained. Then a suitable cap of metal or other material, A, is appliedover the strands, as seen in Fig. 7 and to which the handle may beapplied. This done, the brush is complete and the bristles aresubstantially the same as in a round paintvbrush of usual manufacture ofthe same size; but as the bristles are all secured in the most perfectmanner, the liability of the bristles pulling out or thebrush coming topieees,which o exists in the common paint-brush, is entirely avoided.

If the brush required is '[OabO flatas forflatpaintbrushes,whitewash-brushes, or other similar brushes-the coilingmay be made ae- 5 cordingly, as seen in Fig. 8. Instead of coiling thestrands which hold the bristles, the several layers may be in separatepieces, as indicated in- Fig. 9, and laid together in the form ofconcentric rings, and then inclosed with a clasping head or back; or incase of a flat brush there may be several straight and parallel layersof strands, as indicated in Fig. 10. In this case the clasping-back, asseen in Fig. 7, is applied so as to secure the parts together, and theback or head form a convenient handle or method of attachment forthehandle, the handle part being the same as in brushes of commonmanufacture, and adapted to the several uses for which thebrushisintended. (Not shown in the illustration.)

By the term bristles, I wish to be understood as including any of theknown substitutes therefor suitable for the manufacture of brushes.

While I prefer to clasp the back or head upon the strands holding thebristles, the several layers of strands thus combined may be set into agroove in a back, as seen in Fig. 11, and secured by any suitablemeanssay as solder-the strands and back being metal; or,asforapaint-brush,the bristles may be secured by a metal clasp, d, asseen in Fig. 12, adapted to be set into a socket carrying the handle, asseen in Fig. 13, so that the bristle portion may be interchangeable-thatis, a single handle adapted to receive numerous brushes. In that casethe bristles simply secured together without the handle may be made andsold as an article of manufacture.

I am aware that brushes have been made consisting of several strandstwisted together, with bristles interwoven so as to project radiallyfrom said strands and thereby form a cylindrical brush, suchinterweaving of the bristles being substantially the same manner ofinterweaving the bristles as hereinbefore deseaeas I scribed; and I amalso aware that several such twisted strands with their bristles havebeen independently secured to a back so as to form a brush-surfacecomposed of a series of convex lines of bristles, each of said linessecured to the back at the ends, and each independent of the others; butI am not aware that a brush has been made composed of twisted strandshaving bristles interwoven therewith, the bristles turnedfrom thestrands, all substantially in one direction, and the strands with thebristles arranged in layers one upon another, with the several layersbound together, so that each layer of bristles was dependent upon theother layers for their own support and position, which is the essentialfeature of my invention.

I claim 1. A brush consisting in twisted strands having the bristlesinterwoven therewith, the bristles turned from the strands, allsubstantially in one direction, and the strands with the bristles solaid arranged in layers, one layer upon another, and all thelayerssecured together, substantially as described.

2. A brush consisting in twisted strands having the bristles interwoventherewith, the bristles turned from the strands, all substantially inone direction, and the strands with the bristles so laid arranged inlayers, one layer upon another, combined with a head or back claspedupon the strands, substantially as described.

HERBERT E. FOWLER.

